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How Minnesota Muzzles Free Speech On Israel
Opinion editor's note: Star Tribune Opinion publishes a mix of national and local commentaries online and in print each day. To contribute, click here.
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Peaceful political boycott is not just a longstanding American tradition, it is a free speech right protected under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
The exercise of the right to boycott has a rich American history including the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the United Farm Workers grape boycott and the commercial, cultural and sports boycott of apartheid South Africa, among many others.
But this right is under attack. In Minnesota. Since 2017, the right to boycott has been restricted by two laws, Minnesota Statutes 3.226 and 16C.053, requiring state contractors to certify that they will not participate in political boycotts of Israel. Only Israel.
A review of 13,000 contracts and grants issued by Minnesota in the last two years reveals that all contractors and grantees for contracts or grants over $50,000 have been required to sign away their rights by certifying that they would not boycott Israel. The list of contractors and grantees includes numerous small and medium-sized businesses and nonprofits for whom a state contract or grant might be an essential part of their budget. The list includes Native American organizations, social service agencies, legal aid services, medical clinics and more.
These companies and nonprofits may have signed the certifications unwillingly, afraid of jeopardizing their contracts with the state, or they may have not noticed that the provision prevents them from exercising their free speech rights. But the laws restricting free speech open the door to other laws requiring contractors to forfeit the right to engage in any form of political boycott in exchange for a government contract or grant. Contractors could be required to certify they will not boycott the firearms or fossil fuel industry, or businesses that discriminate based on race or gender identity, or that deny reproductive health care insurance to their employees.
This attack on the constitutional right to boycott is metastasizing across the country and poses an imminent threat to the freedom of speech of all Americans. Copycat laws seeking to greatly expand prohibitions against a variety of political boycotts as a condition to receiving a government contract or grant have been introduced in several states, and some have passed.
The lobbyists and legislators who helped enact Minnesota Statutes 3.226 and 16C.053 did so as a way to undermine the international Boycott Divest Sanction (BDS) movement. BDS is a nonviolent response to Israel's human rights violations against Palestinians. These violations include land and water dispossession, denial of civil rights, collective punishment and discrimination. The stripping away of the independent judicial review powers of the Israeli Supreme Court, which Israel's current authoritarian-leaning government is presently doing and which the Star Tribune's Editorial Board has called "ill-advised" and "self-serving," will exacerbate these violations.
The U.S. Constitution is not on the side of Minnesota's anti-boycott laws. The Supreme Court has held that the government may not impose a political litmus test on the receipt of a government contract or benefit (O'Hare Truck Service v. City of Northlake, 1996). Moreover, since the Supreme Court's 1982 decision in NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware, political boycotts have been considered explicitly protected free speech under the First Amendment.
Consistent with these decisions, federal courts in four states have declared anti-boycott laws unconstitutional under the First Amendment. But there is one outlier. In 2018, the Arkansas newspaper Arkansas Times refused to make the anti-boycott pledge as a condition for receiving advertising revenue from the state of Arkansas and sued. In ruling against the newspaper, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals — considered the most politically conservative among the federal circuit courts — declared that political boycotts are not protected by the First Amendment, challenging the precedent established by the U.S. Supreme Court in NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware.
The Supreme Court recently declined an opportunity to review this Eighth Circuit decision. Until the U.S. Supreme Court eventually settles the discrepancy, Minnesotans should look to Article 1, Section 3 of the Minnesota Constitution. Unaffected by the Arkansas Times decision, it guarantees free speech "on all subjects."
It's time to push back and defend the constitutional right of all Minnesotans to engage in political boycotts as a longstanding and richly historical form of nonviolent protest and free speech.
Phil Benson, of Watertown, Minn., is a member of Friends of Sabeel, North America. Sylvia Schwarz, of St. Paul, is a member of Jewish Voice for Peace.
Best Dog Muzzles For 2023
Looking for a dog muzzle can be challenging as it requires finding one that fits comfortably, is durable, and allows for proper airflow. In our research, we have compiled the best options available on the market. It's important to note that muzzles aren't just for aggressive dogs; they can prevent biting or eating harmful objects. Carefully measuring your dog's snout and consulting customer reviews are essential to finding the right fit. While muzzles can be useful for managing behavior, they shouldn't be a substitute for proper training and socialization. Overall, dog muzzles are a valuable tool that ensures the safety of both your dog and those around them.
HEELE Dog Muzzle Nylon Breathable Adjustable BlackHEELE Dog Muzzle is a soft, adjustable, and breathable muzzle that helps prevent dogs from biting, barking, and chewing. Made of high-quality nylon and air mesh materials, this muzzle can be adjusted to fit small, medium, and large dogs. It also features a loop for easy attachment to your dog's collar and allows your dog to drink water while wearing it. With four different colors to choose from and four different sizes available, HEELE Dog Muzzle is a great option for pet owners looking for a safe and comfortable way to control their dog's behavior.
Pros
Breathable air mesh design, Adjustable loop for secure fit, Allows drinking while wearing
Cons
May not fit all dogs
Coppthinktu Dog Muzzle Suit 7PCS A-Blue.The Coppthinktu Dog Muzzle Suit offers a set of 7 different muzzles to fit a range of sizes and snout shapes for small, medium, and large dogs. These soft and comfortable muzzles are perfect for preventing biting, barking, and chewing, and are adjustable for a secure fit. Made with high-quality materials, these muzzles provide a great solution for pet owners looking to ensure the safety of their dogs and those around them.
Pros
Adjustable for various sizes, Soft and comfortable, Covers mouth completely
Cons
May not fit all dogs
Mayerzon Breathable Dog Muzzle (Large Black)The Large Black Dog Muzzle is a breathable basket muzzle designed for small, medium, large, and extra-large dogs. It is perfect for stopping biting, barking, and chewing behavior in aggressive dogs. Made with high-quality materials, this muzzle is comfortable and safe for your furry friend. Its adjustable strap ensures a secure fit, while the basket design allows for easy breathing and panting. This product is an excellent choice for pet owners who want to keep their dogs and others safe during training or vet visits.
Pros
Breathable design, Suitable for aggressive dogs, Available in multiple sizes
Cons
May not fit all dogs
Mayerzon Dog Muzzle Soft Mesh BlackThe Soft Mesh Covered Muzzle for Dogs is a great solution for pet owners who want to prevent their dogs from biting, chewing, and licking. The muzzle is made of high-quality materials and is adjustable to fit dogs of all sizes. The soft mesh cover ensures your dog is comfortable while wearing it. This muzzle is also designed to prevent your dog from eating poisoned bait, making it a great option for dog owners who live in areas where this is a concern. With this muzzle, you can enjoy peace of mind knowing your dog is safe and comfortable.
Pros
Soft mesh material, Adjustable straps, Prevents biting and chewing
Cons
May not fit all dogs
Mkery Breathable Dog Muzzle Grey-MThe Pet No Bark Dog Muzzle is a great solution for pet owners who want to prevent their furry friends from biting, barking, or chewing. Made of breathable mesh material, this muzzle is comfortable for dogs to wear and doesn't restrict their breathing. It comes with a reflective and adjustable strap that ensures a secure fit and makes it easy to put on and take off. Available in grey color and medium size, this muzzle is ideal for small, medium, and large-sized dogs with a circumference of 7.9''-9.4''in. It's perfect for walks, visits to the vet, or any other situation where your dog needs to be under control.
Pros
Breathable mesh, Adjustable strap, Reflective design
Cons
May not fit all dogs
GoRapet Dog Muzzle Breathable Anti-Biting (Black-S)The Air Mesh Breathable Muzzle for Large Dogs is a great solution for pet owners looking for a comfortable and safe way to prevent their dogs from biting, barking, or chewing. Made of soft and breathable materials, this muzzle is perfect for medium-sized dogs and features a stable shiny reflective and adjustable strap for a perfect fit. With its durable design, this muzzle is perfect for outdoor activities or grooming sessions. The muzzle is available in black and comes in size S with a circumference of 3.9''-5.5''in.
Pros
Breathable air mesh, Reflective for night use, Adjustable strap for comfort
Cons
May not fit all dogs
CooZero Dog Muzzles Suit 7 PCS BlackThe CooZero Dog Muzzles Suit is a set of seven anti-biting and barking pet muzzles that are perfect for small, medium and large dogs. Made from breathable mesh, these muzzles are adjustable and comfortable for your furry friend to wear. They are great for preventing unwanted behaviors such as biting, chewing, and barking, and can also be used during grooming or visits to the vet. The set comes in black and provides a cost-effective solution for dog owners who need multiple sizes. Overall, the CooZero Dog Muzzles Suit is a great investment for any dog owner looking to reduce unwanted behavior in their pet.
Pros
Adjustable sizes, Set of 7, Prevents biting/barking
Cons
May not fit all dogs
HEELE Dog Muzzle Cyan Flower XSThe HEELE Dog Muzzle in Cyan Flower X-Small XS is a soft and breathable muzzle option for small dogs. Made of durable nylon and air mesh, this adjustable loop pattern muzzle is designed to stop biting, barking, and chewing. The cute cyan flower print adds a touch of style while the comfortable design ensures that your furry friend is safe and secure. Ideal for walks, trips to the vet, or any situation where your dog may need extra restraint.
Pros
Soft and comfortable material, Breathable air mesh design, Adjustable for perfect fit
Cons
May not fit all dogs
Yosupsecy Dog Muzzle Breathable Adjustable Loop BlackThe Dog Muzzle is an excellent solution for pet owners who want to prevent their furry friends from biting, barking, or chewing. Made of soft nylon and air mesh, this muzzle is comfortable for dogs of all sizes, from small Chihuahuas to large German Shepherds. The adjustable loop allows for a perfect fit, and the breathable design enables dogs to drink and pant without any discomfort. The black color gives it a sleek look, making it a great accessory for walks or trips to the vet. Overall, this is a must-have product for pet owners who want to keep their dogs safe and well-behaved.
Pros
Soft and comfortable, Adjustable for different sizes, Allows for drinking
Cons
May not work for aggressive dogs
WONDAY Dog Muzzle for Medium/Large DogsThe WONDAY Dog Muzzle for Medium and Large Dogs is a great tool for pet owners who want to prevent biting, barking, and chewing. Made with soft nylon and air mesh, this muzzle is breathable and comfortable for your furry friend. With adjustable straps and the ability to drink water while wearing it, this muzzle is perfect for medium and large dogs who need a little extra training and guidance. The black color and sleek design make this muzzle both practical and stylish for any dog owner.
Pros
Soft nylon material, Breathable air mesh, Adjustable and drinkable
Cons
May not fit all dogs
FAQQ: Why do I need to muzzle my dog?
A: There are a few reasons why a dog might need to wear a muzzle. One common reason is to prevent biting or aggressive behavior. If your dog has a history of biting, or if you're unsure how they'll react in certain situations, a muzzle can help keep everyone safe. Another reason to use a muzzle is for grooming or veterinary care. Some dogs may become anxious or fearful during these activities, and a muzzle can help keep them calm and prevent any accidental bites. Lastly, some breeds are required by law to wear a muzzle in public spaces, so be sure to check your local regulations.
Q: How do I choose the right muzzle for my dog?
A: Choosing the right muzzle for your dog is important to ensure their comfort and safety. First, consider the purpose of the muzzle. If you need it for grooming or vet visits, a soft fabric or mesh muzzle may be a good choice. If you need it for aggressive behavior, a sturdy plastic or metal muzzle may be necessary. Next, measure your dog's snout to ensure a proper fit. The muzzle should be snug enough that your dog can't slip out of it, but not so tight that it's uncomfortable or restricts breathing. Lastly, make sure your dog is comfortable wearing the muzzle and can still pant and drink water while wearing it.
Q: How do I introduce my dog to a muzzle?
A: Introducing your dog to a muzzle can take time and patience, but it's important to do it properly to ensure your dog is comfortable wearing it. Start by introducing the muzzle to your dog without putting it on. Let them sniff it and reward them with treats or praise. Once they're comfortable with the muzzle, hold it up to their face and give them a treat. Gradually work up to placing the muzzle on their snout and fastening it, always rewarding good behavior. Allow your dog to wear the muzzle for short periods of time at first, gradually increasing the amount of time they wear it as they become more comfortable. Remember to always supervise your dog while they're wearing a muzzle and never leave them unattended.
ConclusionsIn conclusion, choosing the right dog muzzle is crucial for the safety of both your pet and those around them. After extensive research and testing, we highly recommend the HEELE Dog Muzzle and the Coppthinktu Dog Muzzle Suit. Both options offer a comfortable fit for dogs of various sizes and effectively prevent biting, barking, and chewing. The HEELE Dog Muzzle stands out with its breathable air mesh design and adjustable loop for drinking, while the Coppthinktu Dog Muzzle Suit includes seven different muzzles for versatile use. Whichever option you choose, make sure to properly measure your dog's snout and adjust the muzzle accordingly to ensure a secure fit. Remember to never leave your dog muzzled for extended periods of time and always supervise them while wearing it. We hope this review has been helpful in your search for the perfect dog muzzle.
Should Dogs Wear Muzzles?
Opinions expressed by Digital Journal contributors are their own.
Muzzles are often a controversial topic, as they are associated with aggressive and dangerous dogs. Well, that is not the case at all, as at some point in every dog's lifetime, there will be a situation when they will need to wear a muzzle. A muzzle should tell people that the owner is responsible and wants to keep the dog and the other people safe, even if the dog isn't dangerous. There are many reasons why dogs wear it, such as the dog can get nervous around other animals, or strange people, they might be recovering after an injury, or because it is a law requirement in some countries or states that some breeds need to wear them when they are in public.
So, when should your dog wear a muzzle?
When there is an emergencyIf the dog is injured or feels in danger, the risk that it might bite will increase. When dogs are in pain, they will not control themselves like they used to do in a normal situation, and this is why a muzzle is often necessary. So, any owner should train dogs to accept and tolerate muzzles, as when dogs need to wear them, it will not stress them even further.
When there is a history of bitingIf there is a history that a dog is aggressive and has bitten someone in the past, the owner must always use a muzzle to keep everyone safe. A muzzle will provide peace of mind for the owners, as there can be many complications if a dog bites someone on the street. For example, Chicago law has several punishments for the ones who have aggressive dogs, and in some cases, dogs can also be euthanized due to their violent behavior. So, it is better to always wear a muzzle if you know that there might be even a slight possibility that your dog can bite. Otherwise, the victims can seek the help of a Chicago dog bite lawyer, and you will need to face the consequences.
When the breed-specific legislation requires itSome countries have breed-specific legislation where dangerous dogs must always wear a muzzle in public. The owner of these types of dogs must follow several precautions all the time, even if the dog hasn't ever been violent. Also, certain dogs are even banned from some countries, or you need a certificate to have them. In the USA, you are prohibited from selling dangerous dogs, and you can give them only to other family members. You will also need to hang a warning sign at your home to show that your dog is dangerous to prevent incidents from happening and let people know to be more careful when they pass through your area.
Final wordsYou shouldn't be scared if you see a dog with a muzzle on the streets, as in most cases, they are friendly, and owners have them wear it because they are responsible and want to ensure the safety of everyone. Muzzles are a useful tool and should be recognized like this, so remember that most dogs that wear them are often not aggressive.
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